Resumo Objetivo: Comparar in vitro sistemas de irrigação na remoção de pasta de hidróxido de cálcio Ca(OH)2 em dentes monocanalares. Métodos: 60 dentes permanentes foram preparados com instrumentos rotatórios Protaper®, até F3. Os espécimes foram divididos longitudinalmente em duas metades e dois sulcos localizados nas zonas apical e coronal foram criados. A aplicação de Ca(OH)2 nas ranhuras foi avaliada por métodos radiográficos e fotográficos. Após remontagem das metades em molde de silicone, os dentes foram divididos aleatoriamente em grupos experimentais (n = 15), testando-se a remoção do Ca(OH)2: 1 - Canal Brush® (CB); 2 - Helse Utrassonic® (HU); 3 - Irrigação Dinâmica Manual (MDI); 4 - XP-Endo Finisher® (XP). Um volume total de 10 ml de hipoclorito de sódio 2,5% foi utilizado em cada dente. Usando os mesmos métodos, todos os grupos foram pontuados em relação aos remanescentes de Ca(OH)2. A análise estatística foi realizada com o teste de Kruskal-Wallis seguido dos testes U de Mann-Whitney (com correção de Bonferroni). Um valor de p <0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados: Nenhuma das técnicas foi 100% eficiente nas zonas coronal e apical. CB foi mais eficaz na zona apical. No compto global, HU e CB removeram significativamente mais Ca(OH)2 do que MDI e XP (p <0,05). Conclusão: Globalmente, HU e CB foram mais eficazes, embora sem diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre elas.

Abstract Objective: To compare in vitro irrigation systems’ efficacy in removing calcium hydroxide paste (Ca(OH)2) in single-root teeth. Methods: Sixty permanent teeth were prepared using ProTaper® rotatory instruments, up to F3. Specimens were split longitudinally into two halves, and two grooves located in the apical and coronal zones were created. Ca(OH)2 application into the grooves was assessed by radiographic and photographic methods. After the halves were reassembled in a silicone mold, teeth were randomly divided into experimental groups (n=15), testing Ca(OH)2 removal: 1 - CanalBrush™; 2 - E1 - Irrisonic tip; 3 - manual dynamic irrigation (MDI); 4 - XP-endo Finisher® (XP). A total volume of 10 mL of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite was used in each tooth. Finally, all groups were scored regarding the Ca(OH)2 remnants using the same methods as before. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney U tests (with Bonferroni correction). A value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: None of the techniques demonstrated 100% efficacy in both regions. CanalBrush™ was more effective in the apical region. Overall, E1 - Irrisonic tip and CanalBrush™ removed significantly more Ca(OH)2 than MDI and XP-endo Finisher® (p<0.05). Conclusion: Globally, E1 - Irrisonic tip and CanalBrush™ were more effective, although without statistically significant differences between them.

Abstract A 72-year-old woman was admitted for acute heart failure. The echocardiography revealed moderate depression of the left ventricular ejection fraction. Coronary disease was excluded by coronarography. Cardiac magnetic resonance showed predominantly left ventricular septal hypertrophy and severe depression of the left ventricular systolic function. There was also a bright, multifocal and patchy late gadolinium enhancement with subendocardial, mesocardial and subepicardial involvement, suggestive of sarcoidosis. Biochemical study, thoracic computed tomography and positron emission tomography were inconclusive for extra-cardiac sarcoidosis. Therefore, an endomyocardial biopsy was performed. The procedure was complicated by the development of complete atrioventricular block, requiring implantation of a cardiac resynchronization pacing device. A few days after device implantation, the patient developed fever. The echocardiography revealed extensive vegetations, and thus the diagnosis of a device-associated infective endocarditis was made. Even though antibiotic therapy was promptly started, the patient ended up dying. Biopsy results revealed lymphocytic myocarditis. This case is paradigmatic because it shows how the etiologic diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy can be challenging. Non-invasive diagnostic exams may not provide a definite diagnosis, requiring an endomyocardial biopsy. However, the benefits versus risks of such procedure must always be carefully weighted.

Observou-se, em laboratório, grande número de lagartas mortas em uma criação de Heliothis virescens (Fabr.). Dessas lagartas, isolou-se uma bactéria, posteriormente identificada como Serratia marcescens Bizio. O presente trabalho registra sua ocorrência e comprova-lhe a patogenicidade sobre aquelas lagartas.

A large quantity of dead worms was observed in rearing of Heliothis virescens. A bacteria, later identified as Serratia marcescens Bizio, was isolated from the dead worms. The present work registers the occurrence and confirms the pathogenicity of S. marcescens on H. virescens.